Jetcopters Part 3

November 10, 1983.  Jetcopters did a lot of charter flights for most of the law enforcement agencies in the State of California and also the U.S. government.  Jim Deeth our Chief Pilot called me into his office one morning to go over the flight details for a flight I was to do with the FBI.  The FBI had their own helicopters and pilots, but elected to use our helicopter for a special flight on this day.  The company allowed the FBI to use our aircraft, but also required that one of our pilots be on board  the flight.  I did not know the FBI pilot for this flight, but assumed that if the company trusted him, I could too, but with a watchful eye. Normally when I was not the pilot of the aircraft, but an observer, I did not give or offer advice to the pilot. I did not touch or operate any of the controls including the radios.  Even though I might have done things differently, I think one should respect the pilot in command.  Whenever I was acting as the pilot in command and I had another pilot sitting in the seat next to me, this is what I would expect.  If needed, I would ask for help.  I did watch for other aircraft during the flight and if the pilot asked for my assistance, I would do as asked.   We departed the Van Nuys airport and flew to the Banning,CA airport.  This airport was located between two large mountain ranges. San Gorgonio mountains to the north and San Jacintos mountains to the south.  The purpose of the flight was to take several hundred pounds of special electronic equipment to a location known as Snow Peak. It seems that President Reagan was going to be in Palm Springs, CA and this equipment was to be used for the presidents security.   Snow Peak was near 9000 feet above sea level.  This is not a normal environment to operate a helicopter.  Typically the higher you go, the performance of the helicopter is greatly reduced.  For this reason, I took it upon myself to do some mental calculations to determine that we could land safely at that altitude.  Oddly enough, the FBI pilot did not?

So it was necessary to determine the weight of the helicopter, which includes fuel, cargo,  pilot and passengers. Also it is necessary to know the approximate temperature at the altitude for the proposed landing site.  These preflight calculations will give you the expected performance of the helicopter at altitude.  The main concern would be to know you could make an approach and then be able to hover the helicopter in ground effect safely.  Supposedly this pilot was very experienced and had been to this location before.  I am still being casually watchful, but also did not want to give any unwanted advice to the FBI pilot.   After all it was their flight to do, and I was just an observer.  We met three FBI technicians at the airport and proceeded to load the equipment on to the helicopter.  In the beginning the planned load for this flight, would consist of the FBI pilot, myself, one FBI technician and the electronic cargo. This would be our takeoff configuration.  At the last minute, the FBI pilot elected to take the other two FBI people.  Again, he is the pilot in command, so I will keep my opinions to myself. We sure didn't need the extra weight at that altitude.  We departed the Banning airport and climbed to an altitude of 9500 feet.  As we began our approach for landing, I am looking at the side of a mountain, but I do not see a place for us to land.  We continued the approach and I'm still looking. I am beginning to feel very uneasy and I can see the  pilot is not looking too sure of himself.  We continue closer to the mountain terrain and I notice that we are exceeding  the engine torque limits, the turbine outlet temperature is at the red line and we are losing rotor RPM.  This is all happening at once and I haven't got a clue of what his intentions are.   We were drifting into the side of the mountain and had lost directional control of the aircraft, which in turn was causing the aircraft to rotate to the right.  Also the aircraft was settling to the ground at the same time.  Now I am certain we are going to crash. At that same moment, the FBI pilot turned to me and casually said, "you got it".  Which means he was relinquishing control of the aircraft to me.  I had no idea of what was below the helicopter or if the ground was suitable for landing.  I had no other choice but to land the helicopter the best I could,  knowing we would probably roll down the side of the mountain.  This helicopter was not going to remain in the air much longer, considering the flight conditions we had.  I lowered the collective control, which controls the vertical movement of the helicopter in a hover.  I could not make any choices now and I had to go with what we had.  Luck was on my side, the helicopter settled to the ground and remained upright on slightly unlevel ground.  Needless to say, I am really angry with having been put into this situation.  After we off loaded the cargo and the three FBI passengers in the rear of the aircraft, the helicopter would be much lighter and our takeoff would not be a problem.  I told the two extra people that got on the aircraft at the last minute. they could get out now.  They replied, that they just came along for the ride and would be returning with us to the Banning airport.  I would guess that the two of them would have weighed together around 350-400 pounds. The ordeal we had just gone through, would have been much different without them on the aircraft .  At this point, I had used up all my patience and told the FBI pilot, that I would fly the aircraft for the remainder of the flight.  When I got back to Jetcopters, I walked into Jim Deeth's office and closed the door.  I then expressed my displeasure with having been put in that situation.  I also told him I would quit Jetcopters, if ever I was asked to babysit any more of the government's pilots. As I am writing this post today and also looking through my pilot's log book.  I noticed that I made this comment in the remarks section for this flight. THIS ONE ALMOST ATE MY LUNCH!  More on Jetcopters in the next post. . . . . . .

Jetcopters Part 2

Working weekends really helped with the commuting problem, but as a rule the flight activity was pretty slow.  On occasion I did get called in on my days off and so there was some disadvantage to having days off during the week.  Once I got to the airport, I really didn't mind.  I don't think I ever got tired of flying and if I was scheduled to do a flight, I had no problem working the extra days and flight hours.  We had one big long building that had nothing but Jetranger and Longranger helicopters hangared there.  When you rolled the hangar doors open, it looked like a rainbow of helicopters.  All brand new aircraft and always equipped with the latest and best equipment.  Jetcopters was very involved in both the movie and television business.  So many of the pilots were getting a chance to fly for these companies. 

Jim Deeth was involved with  John Carpenter making a movie called Starman.  He was the Aerial Coordinator and one part of the movie was going to involve several helicopters and pilots. Vietnam era Huey's, Jetrangers and Longrangers.  One scene was a large formation of helicopters making a low level flight over the desert.  This was shot near Winslow, AZ.  Also several shots would be taken at the Meteor crater in the same location.  Several of Jetcopters helicopters and pilots were being used and Jim had contracted several other operators from around the country to be used in the film.  A few days before this was to take place, we flew into the Winslow, AZ airport where the movie crews prepared the helicopters to look like Army aircraft.  They masked off the windows of the helicopter and then sprayed on a rubberized peel paint in Army colors.  Then added decals for the insignias and markings to make them look like military aircraft.  When the shoot was finished, they  put the helicopters on a wash rack and  sprayed the peel paint off with a high pressure water hose.  If for any reason there was any damage to the paint, the movie company would repaint the aircraft.  The technology was pretty advanced for this application and repainting the helicopters was not done very often.

Civilian helicopters used in the movie Starman click to enlarge

This was really going to be my first experience being directly involved in an actual movie.  We were a large group of pilots and we spent nearly a week doing this part of the movie.  It was fun being out on location, doing the wardrobe thing and watching the making of a movie first hand.  I had met John Carpenter earlier before working for Jetcopters, so I was comfortable with working with movie people.  Jeff Bridges and Karen Allen were the two principal actors and were both very friendly to work with.  Finally, this was going to enable me to become a member of the Screen Actors Guild.  I was now qualified and just needed to fill out the application forms and pay a membership fee.  This was one of the first things I did when we returned to Los Angeles a few weeks later.

At the end of the shoot at this location, Jim asked me to fly the camera helicopter a Bell BH-206L3 to the Scottsdale, AZ airport where it would receive a 50 hour maintenance inspection.  They could complete this inspection in one day and the next day, I ferried the helicopter to Nashville, TN.  I made one overnight stay in Dallas, TX before going on to Nashville the next day.  more on Jetcopters in the next post.........

Jetcopters Part 1

I spoke with Jim Deeth several times in the next few weeks and still I could not make a decision on going with Jetcopters.  The biggest obstacle in my mind was the 50 mile drive each way.  I was already driving 35 miles to downtown Los Angeles, but at least I was commuting at a time of the day when traffic was not as heavy.  Then at night when I left to go home around 1:00 am  early in the morning, traffic would be light.

Typical Los Angeles Freeway Traffic (405 between LA & Van Nuys) 

Driving 50 miles in Los Angeles traffic, could equate to two to three hours in some cases.

This would  have been for each work day, I could be on the freeway four to six hours a day. There were several ways to drive from my home in Cypress, CA to the Van Nuys, CA airport, but they were all within a few tenths of being 50 miles.  One day I decided to just pick a day during the week, and drive the freeway route I would most likely be taking each day, and see what the time to drive would be.  I must have picked an exceptional day, because I drove it in one hour.  This I could live with.  So I gave Deeth a call and we sat down and worked out a plan for me to come to work for them.  Jim Deeth is probably one of the best pilots I have ever worked with.  Also a very fair and honest person.  Jim had been a long time veteran pilot with the California Highway Patrol.  He left the CHP with lots of years of service and joined up with a man by the name of Peter McKernan.  A great partnership to say the least.  I  had first met Jim Deeth  in Long Beach, CA.  He had been giving flight instruction to Peter McKernan at the time.   They had come to me to ask if I could give McKernan an FAA flight test for his commercial license to fly helicopters.  Peter was the owner and president of Jetcopters, so I was well acquainted with the principals of the company now.  Earlier when I first met Jim Deeth, he brought another man in one day and asked if I would schedule him for an FAA fight test.  His name was John Carpenter a well know movie director in Hollywood.  Later on, I became better aquainted with Mr Carpenter, flying helicopters in a few of the movies he directed.  Jetcopters was a very aggressive fast growing helicopter operation.  We had a stable of new helicopters second to none.  They had a large maintenance staff and twelve pilots, some were flight instructors only and others were part time.  They were well established in every part of the helicopter business.  Peter Mckernan had an unlimited amount of resources to  purchase new helicopters and equipment.  Jetcopters was becoming the largest operation in the Western part of the United States.  They had a major television contract in Hawaii doing a show called Magnum P.I.   They had just purchased a new Bell 222 to be used in a television show called Airwolf.   Working at Jetcopters was like being on the dream team.  Peter McKernan provided the best employment package for pilots anywhere in Los Angeles.  He was  generous and very involved in the everyday operation of the company.  Jim Deeth was the Chief Pilot and Director of Operations.  These two people were creating a company that was known throughout the United States.  Things are going pretty good for me now and I am dealing with the daily commute without too much trouble. Although one morning it did take me nearly four hours to make the drive. Later on I asked to work the weekends.  I also bought a small motorhome and stayed at the Van Nuys airport three nights a week.  This reduced my days of driving to two days a week.  More on Jetcopters in the next post. . . . . . . .

Out on the street again

Throughout my career, I have been pretty lucky whenever I was unemployed or between jobs as they say.  This time it was totally unexpected.  In the past I have managed okay and I would again. In most cases, I have been able to see it coming, this time I didn't.  I had a few things going for me and some time to plan my next move.  Meanwhile, I was still going to the airport every day and taking care of the Oxy helicopter until it was sold.  I had a young man come in weekly to help me wash and wax the helicopter and we kept it looking like new.  Once a week I would roll in out to the flight line and crank it up and run it for a few minutes.  The company would not allow me fly it, so that was as much as I could do.  I didn't really have any experience in selling any type of aircraft, so I was not making a big effort to do so.  I was still receiving a salary,  I did  what I could.  A friend of mine, Mike Dresman, was walking through the hangar one day while I was doing some work on the helicopter.  In passing, he said hello, and I casually yelled back to him, "do you want to buy a helicopter".  We both laughed and that was the end of it.  In my past, I've sold three helicopters that ranged in  value of nearly a million dollars each.  About a week later, I received a call from Mike and we met to discuss the sale of the helicopter. The helicopter now had a new owner and I had finished my obligation.  Too bad, I didn't ask for a commission, it would have amounted to several thousand dollars.  As I said earlier, I was not a helicopter sales person, so the sale was more by accident, rather than to my credit.

Mike had several pilots working for his company part time, and one of the provisions of the sale, was that I was to conduct a ground school and a checkout for each pilot on his staff.  One thing led to another, and I was employed part time to work for Helitac.  The company was located in a part of Los Angeles, CA called Echo Park.  They had an entire upper floor of a bank building on Sunset Blvd. that also had a rooftop heliport.  The heliport could manage four helicopters and they were left on the roof overnight after the evenings work was finished.

Helitac Heliport, Echo Park, Los Angeles 

Echo Park was once one of the finer parts of Los Angeles, but now it was in the heart of a gangland center.  At night, looking down on the streets below the bank heliport, you could hear gun shots being fired sometimes.  Every takeoff from the heliport was over  water, any type of emergency landing would be directly in the lake at night.  Whenever my work was finished late at night, I made sure my doors were locked and I took the shortest route to the freeway.

Mike Dresman was the owner of Helitac.  Most of their work was courier work at night collecting bank checks and cash from several large banking institutions in the greater Los Angeles area.  After the banks closed for the day, a fleet of trucks would collect bank checks and in some cases cash. They would meet with the helicopter several times during the evening hours at the Fullerton, CA airport.  This was done five or six times at almost every other hour intervals. All of the bank transactions were packed in small boxes about the size of a shoe box.  We could load the helicopter to the ceiling and carry a considerable amount of weight.  Everything was striped out of the helicopter with the exception of the two front seats.

View inside of a Bell BH-206B Jet Ranger click to enlarge

The above picture was going to be my office for the time being.  Most of the flying would be at night with the exception of the first hour and then I would be making these flight throughout the evening.  When we made our pickups at Fullerton, we then dropped off the banks cargo at a clearing house in downtown Los Angeles they also had a rooftop heliport.  When all the collections had been completed, we then flew back to the clearing house heliport and transferred the processed bank paperwork to either Burbank or Los Angeles airport.  At these airports we would rendezvous with a Lear Jet aircraft that would fly the completed processed checks and cash to either New York or San Francisco.  It was my understanding that this would enable the banks to realize a considerable savings in unpaid interest.  Flying around Los Angeles at night was okay, but sometimes the weather could really make some flights very difficult.  This was the major part of our flight activity, but we also flew a television news helicopter for ABC network in LA.  I continued on with Helitac for several more months.  Eventually I talked Mike into giving me a full time position.  This would at least give me peace of mind for the time being.  I enjoyed the work, but the drive into downtown Los Angles everyday was not to my liking.  Most people in Los Angeles seem to live in one place and work in another.  So I guess I fit in with all the other people on the crowded freeways. Later on I met with Jim Deeth who was the Director of Operations for a company called Jetcopters, located in Van Nuys, CA.  They had asked me to come to work for them, but the 50 mile drive everyday caused me to have some second thoughts.  See what happens in the next post. . . . . . .



Occidental Petroleum

When you live in a large metropolitan area like Los Angeles, it is not uncommon to see many large companies that have their own corporate helicopters.  Usually the pilots that flew these helicopters as viewed by some, had the better and more prestigious positions.
The companies that owned these helicopters, could well afford the very demanding cost of operation.  You worked for a single company and often flew the same people.  Flights were usually in and around the greater Los Angeles and Orange county areas. The pilots were very well compensated and your job security was certain.  I had always considered the position of a corporate pilot, to be one of my career goals.  I could go to work each day dressed in a three piece suit and have a well established work week schedule.  I considered myself very lucky to get this job and was anxious to get started.  One of the things I asked for when I was first being interviewed, was to go to the Bell Helicopter factory in Dallas, Texas and take the one week ground school and also a checkout with a  factory flight instructor.  I was off to Texas and a week later, I was starting out again on a new job.
Some things just fell into place.  It was decided that the helicopter would be hangared and maintained at Southland Helicopters at the Long Beach, CA airport.  Also a flight office was provided for me and I was then pretty much set.  Occidental Petroleum had a Research center located in Irvine, CA and this would be my primary contact with the company.  I had a secretary at the Occidental Research facility assigned to me and she would receive all the request from the company for the helicopter flight activity.  Most of my flights would be from Irvine to Westwood, CA to the heliport that was located on the roof of the corporate office.  I most often flew, board of directors, CEO's, presidents, Ph. D's and many military and political people.  On occasion I would fly Dr. Armand Hammer, the founder of the company.

Oxy's helicopter on a rooftop heliport in Los Angeles click to enlarge

Most of my flight activity would be in coastal regions and sometimes in the early mornings and late evenings, you could  expect fog along with low ceilings and visibilities.  I'm finding out very early now that these people are very time and task sensitive. I couldn't just go to work in the morning and call in to say, "it's to foggy this morning, we can't fly". No this would not work,  Many nights I would go to bed and worry about the weather conditions for the next day.  Often through the night I would call a Flight Service station and check current and forecasted weather, hoping that the conditions would remain the same and be okay.  On one particular flight, the weather conditions changed unexpectedly.  I went to the airport early, positioned the helicopter on the flight line after preflighting the aircraft.  I then went into my office to wait until it was time for me to depart to Irvine and pickup the president for the research center.  When I came in the building it was crystal clear outside and you could see the stars in the sky.  About an hour later I looked out the window of my office and the airport was totally engulfed in very dense fog.  I got on the phone and called the president, Mr. Martin Berger at his home, to tell him of the weather conditions.  Needless to say he was not happy and the next day I was called on the carpet to receive a royal ass chewing.  I'm finding out real soon that these people at the top level often expect the impossible and would lead you to believe that I could personally guarantee the weather would be perfect for every flight.  Even a prayer to god, would not always give you the desired results.  It was then decided that when their was a possibility of uncertain weather, the company provided me with a station wagon to drive these people when the conditions were forecasted not to be good.  Now I am the corporate pilot who more often than not, is the company chauffeur.  This created a timeline for a very early schedule sometimes.

A dream job come true, corporate helicopter pilot! click to enlarge

I am okay with this arrangement, but the person I am flying the most often, is also the most hated man in the company.  Martin Berger, president of Occidental Research Center.

He transferred there from New York and had that Eastern personality.  I would think he would have had a much different attitude, towards the person he trusted his life with everyday?. . . . .  Not Mr. Berger, in the five years I worked for Oxy, he never once shook my hand or ever thanked or complemented me.  Never any small talk or even discussions of families.  His one ace in the hole was his wife, she took up the slack and was always very nice and thanked me often.  So maybe this corporate deal is not so good?  I worked at Oxy for almost five years and then one day I was asked to meet with the company Personnel Manager.  I was advised that the helicopter was going to be sold and that I should give notice to the other pilot, he would be laid off in two weeks.  I was kept on for a while longer to finish up some loose ends and to take care of the helicopter until it was sold.  I am now back amongst the unemployed with no ideas for the future.  This came as a total surprise and I was okay for the time being as Occidental gave me a reasonable severance pay.  So where to next?, more in the next post. . . . . .

Southland Helicopters Part 2

My schedule for flight training was full everyday.  I could do two to three hours of flight instruction before lunch and about the same amount of flights in the afternoons.  The time to use VA educational benefits for many veterans was about to run out.  For some, the time had been extended. For others the VA had such poor records, that many people were taking advantage of this error on the governments part, and using the benefits again.  We had people from all walks of life coming in to apply for training in helicopters.  Most of the people had some aviation background and were active as pilots in some other line of work, many did not.  We had lawyers, chefs,doctors,contractors and every kind of trade background you could think of.  This sometimes made the training more difficult to get  people up to speed.  Even the highly experienced airline captains that came to us would often have problems learning to fly helicopters.  The airline crews were so regimented and set in their ways of doing things.  An airline captain is so use to having a crew consisting of a copilot and in some cases a flight engineer.  The aircraft  would have several radios, navigation instruments and many other aids.  In the small helicopters used for training, it would have a single radio and a wet magnetic compass.  The helicopters we used at that time in the late 70's, utilized the same airspace and followed the same rules a great deal of the time.. The helicopter pilot would be required to do everything on his own..  When making radio contact with the control towers, it was customary to make your initial transmission using the type of aircraft and aircraft N number.  I had one captain that could not break the habit of referring to us as United Flight so and so.  The tower folks would get a laugh out of this, and we would correct the mistake on our part.  Flight instructing can be very stressful, I did a lot of it in my time, but I also enjoyed the pleasure of sharing my knowledge with a new helicopter pilot.  Many people we trained would never use this rating, but they accomplished a skill they didn't have before, that was good enough for me.

One of the people I trained was a foreign pilot from Dubai.  At the completion of his training, he approached me with an ofter to come to his country and train pilots for United Arab Emirates.  At first I declined the offer and did not put much into our conversation.  Later he brought me a couple of books from the city of Dubai and described the type of housing I would have and schools that my daughter would be able to go to.  They were offering a very generous salary with many benefits.  The more I thought about, the better it sounded.  But there was one little hitch he failed to mention.  He then later told me, I would have to join their military Air Force and assume the rank of Captain.  The people I would have trained would not recognize someone that was not an officer in their military.  Ahhhhhh, I don't think so.


As time went on, I would also do other helicopter flights doing different types of work.  We did flights to offshore oil well platforms off the coast of California.  With the two Jet Rangers, we were doing more and more charter work.  We had several pilots, so I did not always get a choice of flights.  On one particular flight, I flew several members of Occidental Petroleum from their corporate offices in Westwood, CA to their research center in Laverne, CA.  This was just north of Pomona, CA. It was a short 30 minute flight and then several hours of standby before returning the same people back to the rooftop heliport at their corporate office.  This was the first time Occidental had used our company services.  I had hoped I had made a good impression. 

A short time later, I found out that Occidental Petroleum was considering the purchase of a corporate helicopter.  Since I had flown their president and CEO I thought I might have a good chance of getting hired to be their pilot.  Unfortunately, several people had already been interviewed for the position and I was not in the running.  Isn't that strange?  When you think you were going to be first, you find yourself in last place.  Occidental bought one of the very first Bell BH-206L helicopters.  One of the board of director's daughter was dating a helicopter pilot, and that ended any chances of me getting the job.  Not too long after that, I did get a very brief check out in their aircraft. Just in case, in the event they would need  a backup pilot. My checkout consisted of a couple times around the pattern and then I read the flight manual. One other pilot at Southland received training as well.  He was sent  to the Bell Helicopter factory in Dallas, Texas.  This aircraft was larger and different from the BH-206B III Jet Ranger.  It would carry seven passengers and had several different and new systems.

Then a strange series of events happened a few months later.  The pilot Occidental hired was fired!  I thought maybe I would have a second chance, no such luck.  They did approach the other pilot in our company and interviewed him for the position.  He turned the job down.  I think he priced himself out of the running.  Anyway, what they say is sometimes true, "The Third Time is the Charm"!  I was called about a week later, interviewed and accepted the job.  Great salary, lots of perks and a company that could afford the expensive cost of operating a helicopter.  So not giving up and waiting my turn paid off.  Next post........Occidental Petroleum........

Southland Helicopters Part 1

Southland Helicopters is located on the Long Beach, CA airport.  This is where I began the training for the Kansas City police department pilots a few years earlier.  So I have come full circle.   I am back in familiar territory.  It was only about a four mile drive from my home in Cypress, CA and a commute with no freeways involved.  If you live in California, this is a real plus.       

                                                                                  

Southland Helicopters click to enlarge

My duties here would primarily be flight instructing.  Not my first choice of what I would rather be doing, but this is what brought me back to California and I would do the best I could.  Southland was doing a lot of helicopter pilot training for pilots with VA benefits and also for pilots from several foreign countries.  The FAA office in Santa Monica, CA allowed me to transfer my FAA pilot examiner designation to the Long Beach, CA office.

This would enable me to do more helicopter pilot flight test for a much larger area of Southern California.  Southland Helicopters was also doing charter flights under FAR Part 135(Flying passengers and cargo for hire).  I had hoped to be the chief pilot for that part of their operation, but internal politics nixed that idea.  Most of our training was being done in the Hughes 269B helicopters and the charter aircraft we used was a Hughes 500.  Later on we merged with a company that had two Bell BH-206 Jet Rangers.  So on occasion, I would be back flying my favorite helicopters again.  I was getting a little closer to getting my foot through the door to becoming a member of the Screen Actors Guild.  Like anything else, their is always a catch 22 issue involved before you can get something accomplished.  First of all, the movie industry only recognizes a few pilots.  When a director for a movie has a need for a helicopter to be used in a movie, those people would always be called first.  You could not go to a director to get his endorsement to use you in a movie.  I was once used to transport several movie stars from the Universal hotel in Hollywood to a movie location several miles north of Los Angeles.  Each day I would try to get the attention of Howard Hawks who was directing the movie.  When I did ask, he just smiled and ignored my question.  Hollywood folks can be very different.  Some are personable and others are distant.  Each day I would return some of the people back to the hotel in Hollywood.  Several times I flew Leslie Nielson and we talked about families and everyday things.  Really a nice person and I enjoyed our conversations.  Gene Kelly was in this movie cast and was very friendly too. 

Later on, I was assigned to fly the camera ship for a television series called Love Boat.  This involved flying a highly experienced cameraman with a Tyler mount in the helicopter.  Normally when this was done, the pilot could expect to get an extra bonus because these flights often required additional skills with some risks.  The plan was to rendezvous with the cruise ship (Pacific Princess/Love Boat) as it left the San Pedro, CA port and follow the ship as it sailed north up the coast of California.  The flight was scheduled for evening just before sunset.  Then to continue until about an hour after sunset.  Often this would be called the magic hour. Even though the sun has set, their is still daylight for a while longer. I did not foresee any problems with the timeline and it should not take more than a couple hours to do the shoot.  As we followed the ship, the cameraman would direct me to fly in different areas to get the required shots.  When we were near the coast of Santa Monica, CA, it was decided we would land there to pickup more film for the cameraman.  This  delayed us, so while I was there, I refueled the helicopter.  We were not in radio contact with the cruise ship, and I was on my own to find the ships location. We departed Santa Monica and headed north out to sea.  In a short time I spotted the wake of the cruise ship and we joined up with the ship to continue are filming.  Our flight delay did cause me  concern because it was much later now and the available light was fading fast.  Still we had a few shots left to do.  One of the shots, was with all the ships lights turned on.

                                                                                                                                                                   

The Love Boat (Pacific Princess) click to enlarge

I must admit this was a lovely sight, but as we continued filming, it was getting much darker outside as I circled the ship at the cameraman's request.  It was now two hours after sunset and it was totally black with no visible horizon.  We were several miles out to sea off the coast of Santa Barbara, CA. When I turned the helicopter towards land, I could  just barely see a few lights of the city.  When I turned away from land, I could not see anything, not even the ship, because they had turned everything off with the exception of their navigation lights.  This situation makes it impossible to determine which way is up or down.  The helicopter did not have attitude flight instruments and I was beginning to suffer from the first stages of what is known as Spatial Disorientation. This is a condition where the pilot now is relying on what he senses and feels trying to determine the attitude of the aircraft.  This is really impossible. You may feel like you are in a banked or diving attitude, when actually you are in level flight. It's imperative that the pilot now rely solely on his flight instruments if the aircraft is so equipped and he is trained on how to intrepid them.  As I said earlier, this aircraft did not have these instruments.  Most basic helicopters of that time would not.  Unlike an airplane, helicopters are totally unstable.  If you release the flight controls, it will not sustain level flight.  Navy pilots often experienced  Spatial Disorientation  while attempting to land on an aircraft carrier at night.  Also this happened to John F. Kennedy Jr. when his plane crashed off the coast of Martha's Vineyard.  Now I am pleading with the cameraman to finish up so  we could make our way back to the coast safely.  The cameraman is pretty much in charge of the flight as far as the filming part goes, but ultimately the bottom line is,  the pilot in command has the last word. Sometimes you can't always satisfy the demands of others when safety is an issue.  I agreed to continue for a while longer, then we would be out of there.  We headed back using the lights along the coastline for a visible reference to the horizon and then on to Long Beach, CA.  I will have more in the next post about my work at Southland.........................